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The 1993–94 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was the most active since the start of reliable satellite coverage in 1967, with 15 named storms including one named tropical depression. Activity lasted from mid-November, when Moderate Tropical Storm Alexina formed, until mid-April, when Tropical Cyclone Odille became extratropical. Four tropical cyclones – Daisy, Geralda, Litanne, and Nadia – struck eastern Madagascar, of which Geralda was the costliest and deadliest. With gusts as strong as 350 km/h (220 mph) accompanied by heavy rainfall, the cyclone destroyed more than 40,000 homes and left 356,000 people homeless. Geralda killed 231 people and left more than $10 million in damage. Cyclone Nadia was the second deadliest cyclone, having killed 12 people in northern Madagascar and later severely damaging portions of northeastern Mozambique, killing about 240 people and leaving $20 million in damage in the latter country. In February, Cyclone Hollanda struck Mauritius near peak intensity, causing $135 million in damage and two deaths. Three storms – Alexina, Bettina, and Cecilia – formed in late 1993, of which Cecilia affected land; it produced heavy rainfall in Réunion while dissipating. Cyclone Daisy was the first storm in 1994, which struck Madagascar twice and affected many areas that were later struck by Geralda. One cyclone – Farah – previously formed in the Australian basin as Tropical Cyclone Pearl before crossing into the south-west Indian Ocean. Tropical Cyclone Ivy threatened Mauritius just days after Hollanda struck, and Intense Tropical Cyclone Litanne in March was the third of the season to hit northeastern Madagascar. The basin is defined as the area west of 90°E and south of the Equator in the Indian Ocean, which includes the waters around Madagascar westward to the east coast of Africa. Tropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion (MFR), as well as by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). ==Seasonal summary== ImageSize = width:1000 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/11/1993 till:01/05/1994 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/11/1993 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1) legend:Tropical_Depression_(TD) id:TS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Moderate_Tropical_Storm_(MTS) id:ST value:rgb(0.80,1,1) legend:Severe_Tropical_Storm_(STS) id:TC value:rgb(1,1,0.80) legend:Tropical_Cyclone_(TC) id:IT value:rgb(1,0.76,0.25) legend:Intense_Tropical_Cyclone_(ITC) id:VI value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Very_Intense_Tropical_Cyclone_(VITC) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:11 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:09/11/1993 till:14/11/1993 color:TS text:"Alexina" from:25/11/1993 till:02/12/1993 color:ST text:"Bettina" from:05/12/1993 till:06/12/1993 color:TD text:"C1" from:12/12/1993 till:21/12/1993 color:ST text:"Cecilia" from:07/01/1994 till:16/01/1994 color:TC text:"Daisy" from:13/01/1994 till:19/01/1994 color:ST text:"Edmea" barset:break from:17/01/1994 till:21/01/1994 color:TC text:"Pearl-Farah" from:26/01/1994 till:09/02/1994 color:IT text:"Geralda" from:06/02/1994 till:15/02/1994 color:TC text:"Hollanda" from:08/02/1994 till:21/02/1994 color:TC text:"Ivy" from:15/02/1994 till:18/02/1994 color:TD text:"Julita" from:05/03/1994 till:12/03/1994 color:TS text:"Kelvina" barset:break from:07/03/1994 till:19/03/1994 color:IT text:"Litanne" from:10/03/1994 till:19/03/1994 color:ST text:"Mariola" from:16/03/1994 till:01/04/1994 color:IT text:"Nadia" from:29/03/1994 till:17/04/1994 color:IT text:"Odille" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/11/1993 till:01/12/1993 text:November from:01/12/1993 till:01/01/1994 text:December from:01/01/1994 till:01/02/1994 text:January from:01/02/1994 till:01/03/1994 text:February from:01/03/1994 till:01/04/1994 text:March from:01/04/1994 till:01/05/1994 text:April TextData = pos:(569,23) text:"(For further details, please see" pos:(713,23) text:"scales)" On July 1, 1993, the Météo-France office in Réunion (MFR) became a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, as designated by the World Meteorological Organization. In the year, MFR tracked tropical cyclones south of the equator from the coast of Africa to 90° E. Due to the high activity during the season, MFR issued twice the number of advisories as in the previous year. Every six hours in the season, the agency issued bulletins when there was a tropical system within the basin. Storms were named by advisory centers in Mauritius and Madagascar.〔 During the year, there were neutral El Niño Southern Oscillation conditions, and for several months there was a well-established monsoon trough that extended into the Australian basin. The average storm duration was 9 days, although the final storm, Odille, lasted 16 days, a record at the time.〔 The season was the most active on record since the start of reliable satellite coverage in 1967. Due to the high number of storms, there were a record number of cyclone days – days in which a tropical cyclone is active – as well as intense tropical cyclone days, the latter with 27. The next season approach either total was the 2001–02 season. MFR had an alphabetically prepared list of names for the season, the last seven of which went unused: Pemma, Ronna, Sydna, Telia, Valentina, Williana, and Yvanna. In addition to the named storms, MFR tracked three other tropical systems that did not last for more than 24 hours. The first, designated Tropical Depression C1,〔 formed on December 5 near the eastern portion of the basin, and quickly dissipated. The other two, designated E1 and H1, formed in January and February, respectively.〔 In addition, Tropical Cyclone Willy crossed into the basin as a dissipating tropical depression, for which MFR did not issue advisories. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1993–94 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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